What is Embedded Antenna

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EMBEDDED ANTENNA

Nowadays Embedded Systems Design gathering a lot of attention. In the future, the world may be fully automatic. Almost every work will be done automatically. With the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the use of embedded antennas, machines could communicate with little or no interaction with humans.

Embedded antennas are a class of antennas which use metamaterials to increase the performance of miniaturized antenna systems

Their purpose, as with any electromagnetic antenna, is to launch energy into free space.

However, this class of antenna incorporates metamaterials, which are materials engineered with novel, often microscopic, structures to produce unusual physical properties.

Antenna designs incorporating metamaterials can step-up the antenna’s radiated power.
Conventional antennas that are very small compared to the wavelength reflect most of the signal back to the source.
A metamaterial antenna behaves as if it were much larger than its actual size because of its novel structure stores and re-radiates energy. Established lithography techniques can be used to print metamaterial elements on a Pc board
These novel antennas aid applications such as portable interaction with satellites, wide-angle beam steering, emergency communications devices, micro-sensors and portable ground-penetrating radars to search for geophysical features.
Some applications for metamaterial antennas are wireless communication, space communications, GPS, satellites, space vehicle navigation and airplanes.

  • Embedded antennas are a class of antennas which make use of unique materials to enhance the degree of performance of downsized antenna systems.
  • Their primary purpose is to launch energy into free space.
  • Unfortunately, they produce strange physical properties.
  • Antenna designs incorporating metamaterials can step-up the antenna’s radiated power.

They reflect most of the signal back to the source.

The physical behavior of this embedded material would be more size than predecessor because  of its unique structure absorbs and radiates energy again

Special lithography techniques can be used to print metamaterial elements on a PCB(Printed circuit board)

Applications:-

  1. Portable interaction with satellites,
  2. Wide angle beam steering
  3. Sound-penetrating radars to analyze geophysical features.
  4. Space communications
  5. GPS
  6. Satellites
  7. Space vehicle navigation
  8. Airplanes
  9. Emergency communications devices,

DESIGN PARAMETERS:

  • Basic Guidelines
  • Tuning
  • Voltage standing wave ratio(VSWR)
  • Impedance matching
  • Gain and orientation

Antenna tuning parameters:

The antenna should be tuned to correct frequency band.

Bluetooth and 802.11  operate at 2.4 and 2.5 GHZ, ISM band.

Antenna impedance matching:

  • 50 ohm input impedance should match the 50 ohm output impedance of the RF module.
  • If the impedance is mismatching, then a relatively low voltage level causes instability of RF module and poor transfer from RF module.

VSWR tuning (Voltage standing wave ratio) :

  • The reflection loss is a measure of reflection.
  • General specification is VSWR</=2.0
  • When voltage specification is =2.0 , reflection loss=-10 decibels.
  • VSWR is the ratio of the minimum and maximum voltage i.e., the combination of inserting and reflecting voltage waves.

GAIN AND ORIENTATION :

  • Gain is the ability to radiate and receiving an antenna.
  • To maximize gain do the following:

1 ) Decrease losses by:-

      Using good conductors

              Lossless polymers

2 ) Minimize impedance mismatch losses.

     By radiation pattern measurements we can measure the actual gain value and orientation of the antenna.

SOLUTION TO CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS :

  • Keep free space around antenna to determine omni function when LCD open or close.
  • To get smaller material with different design or change substrate material like ceramics.
  • Keep material out of Aluminium-mg casing.

KEY BENEFITS:

  • Reduced Costs and Time-to-Market
  • Standard antenna eliminates design fees and cycle time associated with a custom solution; getting products to market faster.
  • Greater Flexibility
  • Has Unique Form Factors Ethertronics technology helps you deliver more advanced ergonomic designs without adverse impact on product performance.
  • Antennas are fully compliant with the LATEST STANDARDS.

APPLICATIONS :-

  • Machine to machine(m2m)
  • Automotive
  • Bluetooth
  • Barcode scanner
  • Healthcare
  • Point of Sale
  • Smart Metering